Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system that is associated with a lack of insulin in the body.
As a result, the blood glucose content increases, which leads to metabolic disorders and gradual damage to almost all functional systems in the human body. The disease is divided into type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Today, nutritional and dietary issues in diabetes mellitus of any kind are an extremely serious topic that is raised by every patient after receiving a diagnosis of the disease.
In general, proper nutrition for diabetes should be followed daily, as without a diet, a person's health will deteriorate.
Tips to lower blood sugar
Diet is essential for all types of diabetes, but dietary guidelines differ in type I and II diabetes. In the latter case, dietary reduction of excess body weight may be the only therapeutic measure.
The type of diabetes mellitus is determined by the endocrinologist who treats you.
- In type 1 diabetes: Proper nutrition is a necessary background for insulin therapy. If you do not pay attention, all attempts to lower blood sugar will be in vain: this indicator does not stabilize and it affects the condition of the vessels of all organs and systems.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Does not always require drug therapy. First, the patient is recommended a diet that will help reduce weight. With good dynamics in this case, medications may not be required at all.
General tips to help lower your blood sugar:
- Reduce your intake of soft drinks, lemonade and juices. With regular consumption of sweet drinks, the risk of developing diabetes increases by about 15%. When drinking tea and coffee, reduce the amount of cream and sweeteners.
- Try to choose unsweetened foods such as unsweetened iced tea, yogurt or unsweetened oatmeal. You can sweeten your food to your liking. Most likely you will add much less sugar to your food than the manufacturer.
- Replace your favorite sweets with healthier foods. Instead of ice cream, crush the frozen bananas and beat the mixture with a mixer for a great dessert. Instead of your favorite milk chocolate, it is better to eat a piece of dark chocolate.
it is especially important to follow a diet for mild diabetes, as it is practically the main treatment.
Dietary Differences for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
For patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, a low-calorie diet (25-30 kcal per 1 kg of body weight) is required, which prevents late complications of the disease. In this case, diet is extremely important, it must be strictly observed. The main thing to look for when creating a diet is the balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
Patients with type 2 diabetes are assigned a low-calorie diet (daily energy value of food is 1600–1800 kcal). In such a diet, patients should lose about 300-400 g of body weight per week. In the presence of a strong overweight, the daily amount of calories is reduced according to the percentage of excess body weight to 15-17 kcal per 1 kg.
Basics of nutrition
In each individual case, the doctor prescribes a special diet for a patient with diabetes mellitus, which must be followed to maintain a normal body.
When you start eating well, follow these simple rules every day:
- It is also necessary to take food 5-6 times in small portions (every 2-3 hours) during the day.
- The ratio of protein, carbohydrates and fats should be balanced.
- The amount of calories taken from food should be equal to the patient's energy consumption.
- A person should get the right food: certain vegetables and fruits, whole grains, dietary meats and fish, natural juices without added sugar, dairy products, soups.
The diet of a diabetic patient should be rich in vitamins, so it is useful to include vitamin carriers in the diet: baking yeast, beer yeast, rose petals, SPP, dietary supplements.
Daily Diabetes Diet Rules
The following foods can be consumed with diabetes:
- Bread - up to 200 grams per day, mostly black or with specific diabetes.
- Cook soup in vegetable broth, use of lean meat and fish juices is permissible 1-2 times a week.
- Meat and poultry dishes. With diabetes mellitus, it is permissible to eat boiled beef, chicken and rabbit.
- Vegetables and herbs. It is recommended to consume potatoes, beets, carrots no more than 200 grams per day. But other vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, radish, cucumber, zucchini, tomatoes) and greens (except dots) can be consumed almost without restrictions raw and boiled, and occasionally roasted.
- Cereals, legumes and pasta should not be eaten often. If you decide to eat a spaghetti dish, refuse bread and other carbohydrate foods and dishes that day.
- Eggs can be consumed no more than 2 pieces a day, adding to other dishes, lightly boiled or as an omelet.
- Fruits and berries of sour and sweet-sour varieties (Antonovka apples, oranges, lemons, cranberries, red currants . . . ) - up to 200-300 grams per day.
- Milk - with the doctor's permission, kefir, yogurt (only 1-2 glasses per day), cottage cheese (50-200 grams per day) in natural form or in the form of cottage cheese, cheese cakes and puddings.
- Cottage cheese is recommended to be consumed daily, up to 100-200 grams per day in natural form or in the form of cottage cheese, cheese cakes, puddings, pans. Cottage cheese, as well as porridge with oat and buckwheat flour, bran, rose improve fat metabolism and normalize liver function, prevent fatty changes in the liver.
- Milk tea, weak coffee, tomato juice, fruit juices and berries (complete broth with up to 5 cups per day).
Carefully plan your daily menu and use only foods that are healthy and necessary in your case.
Prohibited products
One should think about the diet of patients with diabetes, first of all, people who have been diagnosed with this disease should refuse such products:
- Sweets, chocolates, cakes, baked goods, jams, honey, ice cream and other cakes;
- Snacks and spicy, spicy, salty and smoked dishes, lamb and pork fat;
- Spec, mustard;
- Alcoholic beverages;
- Grapes, bananas, raisins;
- Sugar is allowed only in small quantities with the permission of the doctor.
All foods for diabetes should be eaten according to a schedule, and to control blood glucose, the daily menu should contain fiber.
Example of the menu for the day
When following a type 2 diabetes diet, you can stick to a simple menu, alternating the foods allowed.
Example # 1
- Breakfast - oatmeal, eggs. BukëKafe
- Snack - natural yogurt with berries.
- Lunch - vegetable soup, chicken breast with salad (beets, onions and olive oil) and boiled cabbage. BukëKomposto.
- Afternoon Snack - low fat cottage cheese. Tea
- Dinner - hake baked in sour cream, vegetable salad (cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs or any other seasonal vegetables) with vegetable oil. BukëKakao.
- Second dinner (a few hours before bedtime) - natural yogurt, baked apples.
Example # 2
- Breakfast: cottage cheese 150 gr, buckwheat or oatmeal 150 gr, black bread, unsweetened tea.
- Second breakfast: unsweetened compote 250 ml.
- Lunch: chicken juice 250 gr, lean boiled meat 75 gr, boiled cabbage - 100 gr, sugar-free jelly - 100 gr, bread, mineral water 250 ml.
- Afternoon Snack - 1 piece of apple.
- Dinner: boiled vegetables 150 gr, meatballs 100 gr, cabbage schnitzel - 200 gr, bread, unsweetened rose soup.
- Second dinner: drinking yogurt - 250 ml.
Example # 3
- Breakfast: carrot-apple salad - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese with milk - 150 g Wholemeal bread - 50 g Sugar-free tea - 1 cup. Second breakfast: mineral water - 1 glass, apples.
- Lunch: vegetable soup with soy - 200 g, meat goulash - 150 g, vegetable caviar - 50 g Rye bread - 50 g Tea with xylitol - 1 cup.
- Afternoon snack: fruit salad - 100 g Sugar-free tea - 1 cup.
- Dinner: fish schnitzel - 150 g, millet milk porridge - 150 g Wholemeal bread - 50 g Sugar-free tea - 1 cup. Second dinner: kefir - 1 cup.
Remember:a patient with diabetes should not be hungry. You should eat at the same time, but if a slight hunger occurs between main meals, you should definitely suffocate it with a cup of tea or vegetables. But it should be just a snack - overeating is dangerous for a diabetic.